Two Authors | Hock, R., & Price, G. |
Multiple Authors |
Hock, R., Price, G., Smith, F. J., Grant, L., Taylor, M. N., Appleby, J. K., & Haley, T. M. |
Academic Journal |
AuthorLastname, F. I. (Date). Article title. Journal Title, Vol, pages. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx (Note: Include the digital object identifier (DOI) if one is assigned. If you retrieved the article online and no DOI is available, include the journal's home page URL.) |
Journal with DOI |
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225 |
Magazine |
Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). http://www.apa.org/monitor/ |
Newspaper |
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com |
For additional examples, see APA Publication Manual.
Book: General |
AuthorLastname, F. N. (Year). Book title. Location: Publisher. |
Book: Print Version |
Gutman, R. W. (1999). Mozart: A cultural biography. New York: Harcourt Brace. |
Book: Electronic Version |
Gutman, R. W. (1999). Mozart: A cultural biography. http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/dxeprint/index.asp Gutman, R. W. (1999). Mozart: A cultural biography [Adobe Digital Editions version]. doi:10.1036/0034586772 |
Entry in Online Reference Work |
Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism. |
Entry in Online Reference Work (No Author) |
Trebuchet. (2009). In Merriam-Webster online dictionary (11th ed.). http://www.merriam -webster.com/dictionary/trebuchet. |
Book: |
Begin citation with title. For example: NAICS Desk Reference: The North American industry classification system desk reference. (2000). Indianapolis: JIST Works. |
Book: Multivolume |
When citing a multivolume work: Wright, Sewell. (1968-1978). Evolution and the Genetics of Populations. (Vols. 1-4). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. When citing only one volume: Wright, Sewell. (1969). Theory of Gene Frequencies: Vol. 2. Evolution and the Genetics of Populations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. |
Chapter in a Book |
Willson, Jr., R. F. (2005). William Shakespeare's theater. In J. Rosenblum (Ed.), The Greenwood companion to Shakespeare: A comprehensive guide for students (pp. 47-64). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. |
For additional examples, see APA Publication Manual.
Entire Albums |
The Beatles. (1967). Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club band [Record]. United States: Capitol Records. |
Individual Songs |
Glover, Frank. (2009). One way ticket. On Politico [CD]. n.l.: Owl Studios. |
Rerecording by Artist other than Writer |
Goodenough, J. B. (1982). Tails and trotters [Recorded by G. Bok, A. Mayo, & E. Trickett]. On And so will we yet [CD]. Sharon, CT: Folk-Legacy Records. (1990) |
Spoken Word Recording |
Darling, S. (Speaker). (1988). To kill a mockingbird (Cassette). United States: Recorded Books. |
Musical Score |
Beethoven, Ludwig van. (1932). Symphony no. 7 in A Major, Op. 92. Boston: Oliver Ditson. |
Podcast |
Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/ |
Motion Picture | Spielberg, S. (Director). (1982). E.T. the extra-terrestrial [Motion picture]. United States: Universal Pictures. |
Video |
Ryan, K. O., & Schrank, L. (Writers). (2008). Body language I: Beyond words [DVD]. http://www.learningseed.com/ |
Single Episode from Television Series |
David, L., & Seinfeld, J. (Writers). (1995). The soup nazi [Television series episode]. In Seinfeld. New York: NBC. |
Images and Tables Retrieved Online |
If you use an image, table, or figure (or some data in a table or figure) from another source, then you must acknowledge your source in a note below the table or figure. |
Map Retrieved Online |
Lewis County Geographic Information Systems (Cartographer). (2002). Population density, 2000 U.S. Census [Demographic map]. http://www.co.lewis.wa.us/publicworks/maps/Demographics/census-pop-dens_2000.pdf |
YouTube |
Science Videos. (2019, February 14) Posh and posher: class politics in the UK. Documentary. [Video file]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tF70JhG7J84. |
For additional examples, see APA Publication Manual.
Message Posted to Newsgroup, Discussion Group, Online Forum, etc. |
Rampersad, T. (2005, June 8). Traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions [Online forum comment].http://www.wipo.int/roller/comments/ipisforum/Weblog/theme_eight_how_can_cultural#comments |
Message Posted to Electronic Mailing List |
Smith, S. (2006, January 5). Re: Disputed estimates of IQ [Electronic mailing list message]. http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ForensicNetwork/message/670 |
Blog Post |
MiddleKid. (2007, January 22). Re: The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web log message]. http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php |
Entire Website |
Coronavirus: Five ways the outbreak is hitting global food industry. //www.bbc.com/news/world-52267943 |
For additional examples, see APA Publication Manual.
Personal communications may be private letters, memos, non-archived electronic communications, personal interviews, live performances, etc. are not included in the reference list, because they do not provide recoverable data.
Instead, you should cite these sources in your text with initial and last name of the communicator and as exact a date as possible.
Samples:
M. E. Daniels, Jr. (personal communication, July 4, 2009), explained in an email that . . .
(Butler Ballet, performance, December 13, 2008)